Fig. 3: Cell size and cell number in mature seeds of DN50 and gmdmea-3 mutants.

a Schematic diagram of the transverse and longitudinal sections of halves of mature seeds. T1, T2, and T3 are transverse sections from half seeds, where the seeds were divided into four parts evenly along the seed length. L1 and L2 are longitudinal sections from half seeds, where the seeds were divided into three parts evenly along the seed width. b Morphology of the transverse and longitudinal sections (left, bar = 500 μm) and (c) partial magnification (right, bar = 50 μm) of DN50 and gmdmea-3. d Average cell size in sections of mature seeds of DN50 and gmdmea-3. Values are means ± SDs (n = 30). e Average cell number of each section calculated according to the total area of the section and average cell size. Values are means ± SDs (n = 5). Statistical disparities between means were evaluated using unpaired two-tailed t-tests, signifying significance with *p < 0.05 (significant), **p < 0.01 (highly significant), ns p > 0.05 (not significant).