Fig. 2: ACE1-knockout mutants are attenuated in penetration of wheat epidermal cell walls.
From: The ACE1 secondary metabolite gene cluster is a pathogenicity factor of wheat blast fungus
Percentages of appressoria-producing infection hyphae (a), those inducing fluorescent papilla (b), and invasion hyphae extending to neighboring cells (c) in primary leaves of wheat cv. N4 inoculated with Br48, its ACE1-knockout mutants (Br48ΔACE1), and transformants of Br48ΔACE1(#112) carrying pACE1Br48 (Br48ΔACE1 + ACE1Br48), and incubated at 22 °C for 48 h. Data from three independent experiments (n = 9 biologically independent samples; three plants per experiment per strain) are shown in boxplots. Center lines show the medians; box limits indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles; whiskers extend to 1.5x the interquartile range from the 25th and 75th percentiles. Different letters indicate significant differences in mean ratios determined by the Tukey test at the 5% level. Representative responses of wheat epidermal cells to Br48 (d) and Br48ΔACE1#112 (e, f), 48 h after inoculation. Black arrowheads- appressoria; black arrows- infection hyphae; asterisks- fluorescent papilla. Bars indicate 100 µm.
