Fig. 1: Morphological changes, structural alterations, and kafirin accumulation during sorghum seed development.

a Sequential morphological transitions of BTx623 sorghum whole seed, embryo, and endosperm at various developmental stages. b Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) images illustrating the ultrastructural changes in BTx623 sorghum endosperms at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 dpa. Bar: 20 μm. c Quantification of kafirin 1, kafirin 2, and total protein content in BTx623 sorghum seeds at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 dpa. Error bars denote the standard error of three replicates. n = 3.