Fig. 1: Microvascular blood pressures applied to 2D and 3D organotypic endothelial cell cultures.

a Diagram of a vascular tree and corresponding physiological blood pressures where peripheral arterioles, capillaries and venules are subjected to static pressures. b Molecular and functional changes associated with sprouting angiogenic vessels. c Schematic of 2D and 3D bioreactors used in this work to employ static hydrostatic pressure by means of culture media column. p: hydrostatic pressure.