Fig. 2: Smokers failed to exploit the controllability of controllable social interactions compared to non-smokers (in-person fMRI sample).
From: Aberrant neural computation of social controllability in nicotine-dependent humans
In the controllable condition of the task, (a) smokers’ offer sizes (n = 17) slightly decrease from trial to trial while non-smokers’ (n = 25) offer sizes increase from trial to trial. Shaded patches indicated SEM. b A two-sampled t-test revealed that individual mean offer sizes are significantly lower for smokers ($4.5 ± 2.14) compared to non-smokers ($5.98 ± 1.95; t(40) = 2.31, p = 0.0131; Cohen’s d = −0.72). Error bars indicate SEM. c Overall rejection rate was not significantly different for smokers (43.23% ± 23.75) compared to non-smokers (50.26% ± 14.79; p > 0.05; Cohen’s d = 0.35). Error bars indicate SEM. d However, when rejection rates were divided and categorized by low ($1–$3), medium ($4–$6) and high ($7–$9) offers, smokers had a significantly lower rejection rate for medium offer sizes (46.72% ± 33.53) compared to non-smokers (66.93% ± 33.20; t(40) = 2.27, p = 0.0144; Cohen’s d = −0.61). Error bars indicate SEM. e Perceived controllability rated on a scale of 1% to 100% after each condition of the task was not significantly different between smokers (52.40% ± 20.76) and non-smokers (65.91% ± 22.39; t(37) = 1.93, p = 0.062; Cohen’s d = −0.63). Error bars indicate SEM. For figure source data refer to (Supplementary Data 1).
