Fig. 3: Testing starTracer’s performance on the dataset with complex annotations.

A The UMAP plot of the human prefrontal cortex data. Annotation “Sub_clust” if provided by the authors. Cells are annotated to 66 clusters. B Bubble plot of the marker genes found by starTracer using the annotation of “Bio_clust”. The size of the dot represents the proportion of the cells with the expression of each gene. The color means the expression level of each gene in each cell cluster. C Bubble plot of the marker genes found by starTracer using the annotation of “Sub_clust”. D Relative specificity level measure by fold-\({T}_{i}\) in each of the cluster comparing the specificity level between the marker genes found by “FindAllMarkers” and starTracer. Top 5 marker genes are included in the test. For each cluster, fold-\({T}_{i}\) is measured by the quotient of the \({T}_{i}\) derived by “starTracer” and the \({\mbox{mean}}\left({T}_{i}\right)\) calculated by “FindAllMarkers”. The fold-\({T}_{i}\) of genes derived by “FindAllMarkers” gives to an average value of 1 marked by the dash line.