Fig. 3: Lipo+CPS12F& αGC stimulated elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion compared with other formulations. | Communications Biology

Fig. 3: Lipo+CPS12F& αGC stimulated elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion compared with other formulations.

From: An intranasal cationic liposomal polysaccharide vaccine elicits humoral immune responses against Streptococcus pneumoniae

Fig. 3

a Illustration of cytokines secretion after vaccination, created with BioRender. Concentrations of b IL-12p70, c IFN-γ, d IL-4, and e IL-17A in serum and saliva. BALB/cJRj mice were immunized with Lipo+ (group 1, blank cationic liposomes as placebo), Lipo+αGC (group 2), or 3 nmol antigen (repeat units of the polysaccharides) in Lipo+CPS12F (group 3), LipoCPS12F& αGC (group 4), or Lipo+CPS12F& αGC (group 5 & 6) via intranasal instillation (i.n., group 1–5) or subcutaneous injection (s.c., group 6). Serum and saliva were collected 18 hours after the priming vaccination, and IL-12p70, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17A inside were quantified via cytometric bead array flow cytometry. Data were plotted as mean  ± SEM (n = 8). Welch and Brown-Forsythe ANOVA with multiple comparisons tests were done to assess statistical significance. Group 5 was the preferred group. *, **, ***, **** represent P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.0001.

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