Fig. 4: Lipo+CPS12F& αGC initiated a higher level of iNKT cell activation and B cell maturation compared with other formulations. | Communications Biology

Fig. 4: Lipo+CPS12F& αGC initiated a higher level of iNKT cell activation and B cell maturation compared with other formulations.

From: An intranasal cationic liposomal polysaccharide vaccine elicits humoral immune responses against Streptococcus pneumoniae

Fig. 4

Percentage of a and b iNKT cells (CD3ε+CD1d tetra:αGC+), c and d activated iNKT cells (CD3ε+CD1d tetra:αGC+CD69/25+), e and f follicular helper iNKT cells (CD3ε+CD1d tetra:αGC+CXCR5+), and g and h plasmablast and plasma cells (CD27+CD138+) to total viable cells in the spleen and lung, separately. i Germinal centers (marked by arrows) formed in spleens and morphology of lung tissues after vaccinations. BALB/cJRj mice were immunized with Lipo+ (group 1, blank cationic liposomes as placebo), Lipo+αGC (group 2), or 3 nmol antigen (repeat units of the polysaccharides) in Lipo+CPS12F (group 3), LipoCPS12F& αGC (group 4), or Lipo+CPS12F& αGC (group 5 & 6) via intranasal instillation (i.n., group 1–5) or subcutaneous injection (s.c., group 6) for 3 times at 2 weeks intervals. Spleen and lung were isolated 3 days after the final vaccination and analyzed via multi-color flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Data were plotted as mean  ± SEM (n = 8). Welch and Brown–Forsythe ANOVA with multiple comparisons tests were done to assess statistical significance. Group 5 was the preferred group. *, **, ***, **** represent P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.0001.

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