Fig. 6: Lipo+CPS12F& αGC generated antibodies with improved anti-S. pneumoniae 12F activity compared with other formulations. | Communications Biology

Fig. 6: Lipo+CPS12F& αGC generated antibodies with improved anti-S. pneumoniae 12F activity compared with other formulations.

From: An intranasal cationic liposomal polysaccharide vaccine elicits humoral immune responses against Streptococcus pneumoniae

Fig. 6

a Illustration of bacteria-killing mechanisms in the opsonophagocytic killing assay (OPKA), created with BioRender. The ratio of bacteria killed by serum b and saliva c antibodies mediated opsonization and phagocytosis at different dilution folds. d Half-killing dilution folds of the antibodies in serum and saliva samples. BALB/cJRj mice were immunized with Lipo+ (group 1, blank cationic liposomes as placebo), Lipo+αGC (group 2), or 3 nmol antigen (repeat units of the polysaccharides) in Lipo+CPS12F (group 3), LipoCPS12F& αGC (group 4), or Lipo+CPS12F& αGC (group 5 & 6) via intranasal instillation (i.n., group 1–5) or subcutaneous injection (s.c., group 6) for 3 times at 2 weeks intervals. Serum and saliva collected 2 weeks after the final vaccination were pooled-assessed via OPKA (n = 8). Data were fitted in the nonlinear dose-response model. Half-killing dilution folds were interpolated and plotted as mean  ± SEM (DF ≥ 38). Welch and Brown-Forsythe ANOVA with multiple comparisons tests were done to assess statistical significance. Group 5 was the preferred group. *, **, ***, **** represent P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.0001.

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