Fig. 1: EEG patterns of microstate maps at rest across ages.

a The global pattern of microstate maps was calculated from 2–20 Hz frequency band, averaged from healthy adults (left, age >18 years, n = 34) and children (right, age = 5 years, n = 11). b The spatial similarity between the microstate maps of adults and those of children. The digits in the matrix indicate correlation coefficient. c The probability distribution of microstate map A–D in adults and children groups. Square dots indicate mean probabilities. Error bars indicate standard error. Circle dots indicate individual probabilities. The calculations of both (b) and (c) were based on maps shown in (a). d The global pattern of microstate maps was calculated from 1–40 Hz frequency band, with the same format as (a). e The spatial similarity of microstate maps between the frequency bands of 2–20 Hz and 1–40 Hz, which were generated from healthy adults. The digits in the matrix indicate correlation coefficient. f The probability distribution of microstate map A–D in adults and children groups was calculated from maps shown in (d). g, h The distribution of microstate parameters ΔCρ, duration, occurrence, and transition probability across ages (n = 187), which calculated from microstate maps with 2–20 Hz (g) and 1– 40 Hz (h) frequency bands, respectively. Blue dots show individual values of ΔCρ, and individual values of duration, occurrence, and transition probability of Map AP. Red dots show individual values of duration, occurrence, and transition probability of Map LR. Polynomial models explain the changes in ΔCρ (blue line and R²), duration, occurrence, and transition probability of Map AP (blue line and R²), and those of Map LR (red line and R²) as a function of age. The coefficient of determination (R²) indicates the fitting performance.