Fig. 5: Relationships between structural‒functional coupling (SFC) and Laminar organization and cell parameters and sensitivity analysis.

The laminar thickness covariance (LTC) matrix and laminar intensity covariance (LIC) matrix were constructed on the basis of the segmented 6-layer cortical tissue structure, and their first and second principal gradients were extracted. Panels (A–D) present the first and second principal gradients of the LTC and LIC matrices, respectively. The first gradient of the LTC and LIC extends from the lateral frontal area, moving toward the medial frontal area, the temporal area, and the primary visual area, terminating in the parietal and occipital regions. Moreover, the second gradient of the LTC and LIC transitions from the unimodal areas to the transmodal areas. E We find that SFC is associated mainly with the first and second principal gradients of the LIC. No correlation is found in LTC. F We extracted the cellular size and cellular density features of the 6-layer cortical tissue to explore their relationship with the SFC, primarily finding that the cellular size was negatively correlated with the SFC, whereas the cellular density was positively correlated, most prominently in the fourth layer. G Correlation analysis of all the gradients used in this study to compare their reliability. H The use of Neurosynth for meta-analysis revealed that the PSP-related SFC changes are associated primarily with early visual processing, sighted, and the primary visual cortex.