Fig. 5: CPMV viral RNA detection in mammalian cells.

a Standard RT-PCR identifies CPMV RNA-1 at 162 bp and decreases over 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after CPMV was incubated with RAW 264.7 macrophage cells for 24 h. No detection of CPMV RNA-1 in control samples. b Quantitative RT-PCR shows a decrease in CPMV RNA-2 and no detection in control samples over 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72, 96 h after CPMV was incubated with RAW 264.7 macrophage cells for 24 h. N = 3. c Negative strand CPMV RNA-1 cannot be detected in samples with positive stand CPMV RNA-1 over 0 h, 48 h, 96 h after CPMV was incubated with RAW 264.7 macrophage cells for 24 h. A positive control is total RNA extracted from CPMV-infected leaves. d Negative strand CPMV RNA-2 cannot be detected in samples with positive stand CPMV RNA-2 over 0, 48, and 96 h after CPMV was incubated with RAW 264.7 macrophage cells for 24 h. A positive control is total RNA extracted from CPMV-infected leaves. e Total RNA sequencing of pure extractions of CPMV shows 99% align with positive-strand CPMV RNA and 0.26% align with negative-strand CPMV RNA.