Fig. 6: CPMV demonstrates hemocompatibility in healthy human blood and does not negatively affect the function of human immune cells in vitro.

a Hemolysis was tested in human whole blood. PBS and Triton X-100 were used as negative control (NC) and positive Control (PC), respectively. N = 3. b Platelet aggregation was assessed in platelet-rich plasma. Collagen was used as a positive control (PC). N = 3. c Complement activation was not detected in human plasma in the presence of CPMV. PBS and cobra venom factor were used as negative (NC) and positive (PC) control, respectively. Cremophor-EL (Cre) at the same concentration as in the clinical formulation Taxol was used as an additional nanoparticle-relevant positive control. N = 2. d Plasma coagulation was assessed in the presence of CPMV using prothrombin time (left graph), activated partial thromboplastin time (middle graph), and thrombin time (right graph) tests. Control N and Control P represent WHO-standardized normal and abnormal plasma, respectively. Untreated sample refers to the same healthy human donor plasma as that used for CPMV treatment. N = 3. e Chemotaxis of human myeloid cells HL-60 was studied toward PBS (negative control (NC)), serum (positive control (PC)), or CPMV. N = 3. f CPMV effects on phagocytosis of Zymosan A by myeloid cells HL-60 was studied. PBS was used as negative control (NC). Data are presented as an area under the curve (AUC) obtained for each study sample. N = 6. g Flu antigen-specific proliferation of human primary T-lymphocytes isolated from three healthy donors (M9K9, O8E8, and S7Q6) was not affected by the presence of CPMV. PBS was used as negative control (NC). N = 3. h Leukocyte Procoagulant Activity (PCA) was not induced by CPMV at all tested concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from three healthy donors (Z4F4, Q3G6, and N6T3). PBS and a combination of E. coli K12 LPS and calcium ionophore were used as negative control (NC) and positive control (PC), respectively. N = 3.