Fig. 8: Mechanistic diagram of this study.

Activation of the MVA pathway predicts a worse prognosis for patients with BLCA. Inhibition of the MVA pathway by drugs (ZOL or simvastatin) or FDPS knockdown can reduce the content of the intermediate metabolite GGPP, resulting in RhoB proteins that are unable to be geranylgeranylated and degraded. The accumulated RhoB protein inhibits the membrane localization of integrin β1, ultimately suppressing the proliferation and metastasis of BLCA cells. Creation of the illustrations and every element in Fig. 8 was drafted by the authors, and edited by Dr. Yuruo Chen, a diagram editing expert at the Chinese Academy of Science using Adobe Photoshop software. No artificial intelligence or database was involved in the creation of this image.