Fig. 6: Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity assay using mature proximal tubules in kidney organoids.

a Scheme of the induction protocol of kidney organoids from hiPSCs treated with PPARα agonists for cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity assay. b Representative immunostaining images of cisplatin treatment for 1 day and 6 days in the control and PPARα agonists-treated groups. Blue: DAPI, Green: LTL, Magenta: γH2AX. Scale bars, 100 μm. c Quantification of total γH2AX counts in the PT area within kidney organoids after cisplatin treatment for 1 day and 6 days in the control and PPARα agonists-treated groups. The Y-axes were normalized to the average value of the cisplatin-untreated group, which was set as 1. Images of the entire kidney organoid were captured, and the staining was performed using three organoids per group. Data are presented as means ± SE, n = 3 experiments. Statistical significance was determined by unpaired two-tailed t-test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01). d Representative histograms of LTL-FITC in the control group with untreated (upper left), with CDDP 5 μM (upper right), or in PPARα agonists-treated group with untreated (lower left), with CDDP 5 μM (lower right). The numbers represent the percentage of LTL-FITC positive cells (PT cells). e Percentage of LTL-positive cells in the control group and PPARα agonists-treated group before and after treatment with CDDP 5 μM for 6 days. The color of the lines indicates the same experimental run; n = 5 experiments. Statistical significance was determined by paired t-test.