Table 1 SPR data comparison of RBD binding to hACE2 for SARS-CoV-2 VOCs, interfacial subdomain-swap mutants and SARS-CoV-1

From: Interfacial subregions of SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD to hACE2 affect intermolecular affinity by their distinct roles played in association and dissociation kinetics

SARS-Cov-2 RBD subdomain/VOC targeted

Mutation source

Residues mutated

Ka(*105 M−1s−1) ± SD

Kd(10−3 s−1) ± SD

KD (nM) ±SD

Affinity change

KD(Wild type)/KD(RBD mutant)

CR1

Omicron(B.1.1.529)

S477N、T478K、E484A

3.85 ± 0.22

5.24 ± 0.32

13.59 ± 0.23

↑

3.24

RaTG13

F486L

1.01 ± 0.04

30.33 ± 0.67

300.67 ± 11.02

↓↓

0.15

SARS-CoV-1

A475P、F486L

N/A

Omicron(BA.5.2)

S477N、T478K、E484A、F486V

1.78 ± 0.28

9.86 ± 1.58

55.26 ± 0.34

↓

0.80

CR2

Omicron(B.1.1.529)

K417N、Q493R

0.65 ± 0.37

15.89 ± 12.23

222 ± 52.27

↓

0.21

RaTG13

Q493Y

2.43 ± 0.03

2.14 ± 0.03

8.8 ± 0.2

↑

5.00

SARS-CoV-1

K417V、L455Y、F456L、Q493N

0.2 ± 0.04

7.02 ± 0.19

364 ± 42

↓↓

0.12

Omicron(BA.5.2)

K417N、L452R

1.16 ± 0.02

20.89 ± 0.34

179.74 ± 4.7

↓

0.24

CR3

Omicron(B.1.1.529)

G446S、G496S、Q498R、N501Y、Y505H

3.83 ± 0.23

0.7 ± 0.01

1.85 ± 0.09

↑↑↑

23.90

RaTG13

Y449F、Q498Y、N501D、Y505H

No detectable binding

SARS-CoV-1

G446T、Q498Y、N501T

3.32 ± 0.07

0.13 ± 0.02

0.38 ± 0.05

↑↑↑↑

116.48

Omicron(BA.5.2)

Q498R、N501Y、Y505H

3.52 ± 0.31

0.36 ± 0.03

1.03 ± 0.01

↑↑↑

42.89

SARS2.Omicron(B.1.1.529)-RBD-375S + CR3-SARS

SARS-CoV-1

F375S、S446T、S496G、R498Y、Y501T、H505Y

6.55 ± 0.57

0.4 ± 0.04

0.62 ± 0.03

↑↑↑

71.32

SARS-CoV-2 Wild type RBD

-

-

2.7 ± 0.37

11.83 ± 1.29

44 ± 2.06

-

-

SARS-CoV-2 Alpha RBD

Natural mutation

N501Y

2.94 ± 0.04

2.18 ± 0.04

7.39 ± 0.14

↑↑

5.96

SARS-CoV-2 Gamma RBD

Natural mutation

K417T、E484K、N501Y

2.87 ± 0.08

3.31 ± 0.07

11.53 ± 0.26

↑

3.82

SARS-CoV-2 Delta RBD

Natural mutation

L452R、T478K

3.17 ± 0.22

8.58 ± 0.24

27.07 ± 1.13

↑

1.63

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron(B.1.1.529) RBD

Natural mutation

G339D、S371L、S373P、S375F、K417N、N440K、G446S、S477N、T478K、E484A、Q493R、G496S、Q498R、N501Y、Y505H

4.02 ± 0.13

4.75 ± 0.06

11.83 ± 0.42

↑

3.72

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron(BA.5.2) RBD

Natural mutation

G339D、S371F、S373P、S375F、T376A、D405N、R408S、K417N、N440K、L452R、S477N、T478K、E484A、F486V、Q498R、N501Y、Y505H

2.85 ± 0.31

2.44 ± 0.44

8.51 ± 0.57

↑↑

5.19

SARS-CoV-1 Spike RBD

Natural mutation

Multiple

0.95 ± 0.09

14.67 ± 0.9

154.67 ± 5.51

↓

0.28

  1. Chimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD mutants of swapped CR1, CR2, CR3 from other phylogenetically close sarbecovirus species and representative SARS-CoV-2 VOCs was compared to WT SARS-CoV-2 RBD for swapped subdomains’ impact on of RBD/hACE2 interaction affinity, with enhancement degree quantitatively labelled by ↑, ↑↑, ↑↑↑, ↑↑↑↑ representing 1∼5, 5∼10, 20∼100, >100 fold change respectively, or attenuation degree by ↓, ↓↓, ↓↓↓, ↓↓↓↓ representing 1∼5, 5∼10, 20∼100, >100 fold change respectively. N/A, data not available due to specific mutants of no or extreme low expression level not applicable for protein purification.
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