Fig. 6: Schematic representation of acetyl-CoA synthesis through the  PDH bypass and its impact on lipid metabolites. | Communications Biology

Fig. 6: Schematic representation of acetyl-CoA synthesis through the  PDH bypass and its impact on lipid metabolites.

From: Regulating the metabolic flux of pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass to enhance lipid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Fig. 6

A The influence of ALD4 overexpression on the PDH bypasses key enzyme activity and key genes. ALD4 overexpression increased mitochondrial ALDH enzyme activity, inhibited ADH enzyme activity, and promoted acetaldehyde conversion to acetic acid, and the generated acetic acid was transferred to the cytoplasm and became a precursor molecule for acetyl-CoA synthesis. The orange circles, green circles, blue circles, yellow ovals, blue arrows, and bold arrows indicate gene upregulation, gene downregulation, nonsignificant gene changes, enzymes encoded by genes, PDH bypass, and increased metabolic flux, respectively. B In the metabolome of ald4-oe strains, significant changes in the levels of different lipid compounds were detected. The black, green, orange, and blue arrows indicate fatty acid synthesis, synthesis of major secondary metabolites, synthesis of hormone molecules responsible for signalling, and biofilm synthesis, respectively. (Some icons created in BioRender).

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