Fig. 3: Alpha and beta diversity stratified by sample type and treatment method.

Species richness in mean values ± SD for microbial non-viral (A) and viral (B) communities. Boxplot of potential bias measured by Morisita-Horn dissimilarity (1 – Morisita-Horn similarity index) between each host depletion method and corresponding untreated sample for non-viral microbial (C) and viral (D) communities. Note most BAL samples had no detected viral communities. Statistical significance was tested with linear mixed-effect model adjusting for repeated measures in a participant as a random effect variable. *p-value < 0.05, **p-value < 0.01 and ***p-value < 0.001.