Fig. 1: HFHS diet enhances body weight gain, glucose intolerance, and tumor growth which, in turn, induces weight loss in the HFHS group and glucose intolerance in the Chow group.

A Schematic of the protocol. Female mice (12-weeks-old) were fed a Chow diet ad libitum (Chow), caloric restriction (CR), or HFHS diet ad libitum for 23 weeks. An ectopic tumor was induced with B16F10 cells injection and after three additional weeks, mice were submitted to euthanasia as described in the “Materials and Methods” section. B Delta body weight (BW) between Day 0 and the 26th week. C Carcass weight without tumor mass. D Tumor weight. E Tumor volume. F Liver. G Inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). H gonadal WAT (gWAT) relative weight. I oGTT curves for the three control groups, CR, Chow, and HFHS. J oGTT curves for the three tumor-bearing groups, CR, Chow, and HFHS. K Fasting glycemia before euthanasia. L Area under the curve represented in (I). M Area under the curve represented in (J). N Plasma insulin levels. Each test was performed with at least nine animals (n = 9–20) and plotted values are mean ± S.E.M. ^*P < 0.05; ^**P < 0.01; ^***P < 0.001; ^****P < 0.0001. For panels B, C, F–H, K, and N, a two-way ANOVA was performed, followed by Tukey’s post-test. For panels D, E, L, and M, a one-way ANOVA was performed, followed by Tukey’s post-test.