Fig. 6: A graphic summary for the main findings in the present study.

Integrated with multi-omics analysis, global shrimp intestinal microbiota was stratified into three enterotypes and temperature was the most shaping factor to shrimp microbial structure. Firstly, as ambient warming, the relative expression of different antimicrobial peptides (Alfs and Pens) significantly altered. Subsequently, the relative abundance of Candidatus Bacilloplasma increased at a relative higher temperature, yet Vibrio showed an opposite trend. Differences of the dominated keystone genera led to distinctive enterotype statuses, and a briefly scheme was purposed to distinguish shrimp enterotype. For ET V, the probability of HPNS increased due to high abundance of opportunistic pathogen Vibrio and its competitive relation to other microbes. For ET CB, the probability of WFS increased for the fragile network and IM dysbiosis, while ET S showed a more stable and complex network, which thereby led to an obvious disease bias in shrimp. Taken together, warming-driving enterotypes mediated shrimp health.