Fig. 3: The transcriptional expression of insecticide-induced GST genes was reduced by sofalcone.

RT-qPCR was performed to determine the difference in the expression of GSTe2 (A), GSTe6 (B), GSTe14 (C) and GSTO2 (D) in response to insecticides with or without sofalcone. Five biological replicates were conducted, and the 2−ΔΔCT method was utilized to calculate the relative expression levels. GAPDH and β-Actin were used to normalize expression levels. Letters on the standard error bars indicate significant differences compared with the control (ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD, p < 0.05). n = 5.