Fig. 8: Sofalcone decreased the ROS content when exposed to insecticides.

The activity of GSH-Px under the stress of chlorpyrifos (A) and lambda-cyhalothrin (B) with or without sofalcone was assessed by using a GSH-Px assay kit. n = 5. A Hydrogen peroxide assay kit was used to determine the activity of Hydrogen peroxide after exposure to chlorpyrifos (C) and lambda-cyhalothrin (D) with or without sofalcone. n = 5. The content of MDA exposed to chlorpyrifos (E) and lambda-cyhalothrin (F) with or without sofalcone was analyzed by using an MDA assay kit. The results are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 5). Blue asterisks on the standard error bars indicate significant differences between the treatment with insecticide only and control. Red asterisks represent significant differences between the combined treatment of insecticides and sofalcone and the treatment of insecticides alone. The significant difference was analyzed using a Student’s t-test (p < 0.05).