Fig. 4: The emergence of stress-associated microglia/macrophages in 2HIT cerebellum and the near vasculature localization. | Communications Biology

Fig. 4: The emergence of stress-associated microglia/macrophages in 2HIT cerebellum and the near vasculature localization.

From: Maternal immune activation followed by peripubertal stress combinedly produce reactive microglia and confine cerebellar cognition

Fig. 4

a Schematic drawing of the imaging mass cytometry (IMC). Polymer-conjugated antibodies (Methods) are combined with labeling metals, which visualize the sharp spectrum by time of flight. b A multiplexed IMC image of the four-μm-thick cerebellar cortex. c Antibody-marker list. d IMC images obtained from cerebellar cortex (culmen and simple lobule), dentate nucleus (DN), and fastigial nucleus (FN)+medial vestibular nuclei (MVN) with IBA1, IL6ST/gp130, MMP9, TREM2, claudin-5, and MHC-class II markers. Yellow squares in 2HIT show representative 2HIT stress-associated puncta (arrowheads, Methods). Cerebellar cortex (Cbl Crtx). Cerebellar nuclei (Cbl Nuc). e,f An increase in MHC-class II(+) positive immune cells in the 2HIT cerebellum. The immune cell density was bar-graphed in different regions of Control and 2HIT. g–i An increase in stress-associated puncta in the cerebellum. The number of puncta was counted in two cerebellar regions (cerebellar cortex and dentate nucleus) of 2HIT. Density (# per millimeter square) and the histograms binned by diameter are shown. The total area of the cerebellar cortex (g) and dentate nucleus (h) are 3.609 and 1.235 mm2, respectively. MHC-class II(+) microglia located near or colocalized to Claudin-5(+) vasculature (i). The histogram of density vs. distance to the capillary is shown at the bottom of (i).

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