Fig. 3: Sedentary mice have decreased vasomotion.

a Example image of a pial vessel recorded with two-photon microscopy (image from E3EX mouse). Full Width Half Maximum diameter is calculated by scanning perpendicularly to the skeleton of the vessel at each skeleton point. b Example of pial diameter trace extracted from two-photon recordings showing spontaneous oscillations in diameter size in the absence of visual stimulation and (c) its corresponding power spectrum trace, with peak at 0.1 Hz. d Average power spectra of arteriole diameter traces from the experimental groups at the 1- and 4-month time points. Dashed line indicates 0.1 Hz. e Exercise increases vasomotion, with active mice showing higher relative power at 0.1 Hz compared to sedentary mice. APOE4 mice show a trend towards lower vasomotion (p = 0.08). Dots are average per vessel (22–84 vessels from 4–18 mice). Bars and error bars: mean +/- SEM. For details on N and statistical outputs see Supplementary Table 3 in Supplementary Data.