Correction to: Communications Biology https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07494-1, published online 16 January 2025

In the version of the article initially published, there was an error in the chemical structure of β-1,2-galactooligosaccharide in the graphical abstract, where oxygen atoms were missing from the pyranose rings. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.