Fig. 3: Effect of food intake on the escape response.

A Freeze or flee reaction (Y-axis), with predicted relationship from GLMM1 (solid line), depending on the number of bloodworms eaten before the predator’s attack (X-axis). Position of dots is staggered for clarity. B Escape latencies, with predicted relationship from GLMM2, and C recovery times, based on GLMM3 coefficients, depending on the number of bloodworms eaten before predator’s attack. Predictions for the eight boldest (solid line) and eight shyest (dashed line) fish were obtained by using the average measurements for the eight fish with the lowest (24.8 s) or highest (1433.3 s), respectively, latency to first leave the refuge. For the recovery time, we used the predictions for the first trial day, average escape distance (32.4 cm) and average body length (3.7 cm). Dots indicate the observed values, with colouring indicating either the subset of eight boldest fish or eight shyest fish.