Fig. 1: Overview of the sequencing workflow and genomic characterization.

a Overview of multi-omics data collected of the hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) cohort (n = 103 patients). This figure was created using icons81,82,83,84,85,86 from BioRender. b A Venn Plot to show patient number for whole exome sequencing (WES), transcriptome, proteome and phosphoproteome sequencing. There are 58 patients with four-type sequencing data. c CoMut plot of HPSCC cohort organized by human papillomavirus (HPV) status (n = 64 patients). d Forest plot of multivariate Cox regression results of 15 somatic short variants most associated with patient OS. MUC4, EXD3, COL6A3, SYNE1, KALRN, ZNF415, SLC22A31, CEP170B, RECK, ADGRV1, ZNF469, FCGBP, DNAH8 and MACF1 mutations reached significance (p < 0.05), while OTOG mutation was near significance (p < 0.1). e 12 most significant copy number variations (CNVs) in HPSCC patients. The CNVs in red were near-significantly associated with patient overall survival (OS) in multivariate Cox analysis (p < 0.1). f Forest plot of multivariate Cox regression results of 15 CNVs most associated with patient OS. CNV on 3q26.33 was significantly associated with patient OS (p < 0.05), while CNVs on 12q12, 21p11.2, 9q21.11 and 5p13.2 were near significance (p < 0.1).