Fig. 1: Steps of IVCTT model construction.
From: New mouse models for exploring renal tumor extension into the inferior vena cava
A Expose the left kidney and dissect the renal pedicle to expose the renal vessels. B Clamp the renal vessels using a nontraumatic vascular clamp. C Insert the micro-needle into the renal parenchyma along the renal vein at an angle of approximately 20° relative to the renal blood vessels. D Inject 50 µl of the tumor cell suspension within 3–5 s at a constant speed. E Observe the injection site for about 60 s after completely withdrawing the micro-needle. F. Remove the nontraumatic vascular clamp.
