Fig. 1: Lung function outcomes in response to developmental PM2.5 exposure and OVA challenge.

A 13-week-old offspring across four groups were measured for airway hyperreactivity (AHR) in response to an increasing dose of methacholine using FlexiVent output of Newtonian resistance of the airways (Rn) for A both sexes combined (n = 21-26 per treatment), B female only (n = 11–14 per treatment), and C male only (n = 10–13 per treatment); data are presented as mean ± SEM. Univariate analysis of variance was performed + Tukey’s post-hoc test for multiple comparisons; *=p < 0.05 compared to Sham v Sham-OVA, **=p < 0.01 Sham v Sham-OVA, #=p < 0.05 PM v PM-OVA, ##=p < 0.01 PM v PM-OVA, and ^=p < 0.05.