Fig. 1: Fencing by fertilization effects. | Communications Biology

Fig. 1: Fencing by fertilization effects.

From: Forb diversity globally is harmed by nutrient enrichment but can be rescued by large mammalian herbivory

Fig. 1

The effect of the herbivore exclusion via fencing treatment, fertilization treatment (fencing by fertilization experiment), potential evapotranspiration (PET), and herbivore intensity on (A) species richness and (B) cover for forbs (purple) and grasses (green). Model estimates of log response ratios for the effect of different treatments are shown relative to the control treatment (estimate = 0). Binary response variables were converted to log response variables to account for the change from pre-treatment to current data and cover data were normalized relative to maximum plot cover. Fence refers to herbivore exclusion fencing. NPKμ refers to the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with micronutrient treatment. Error bars show the 89% confidence interval. BioRender. (2025). Image icon of green grass. BioRender. Retrieved from https://biorender.com. N = 82 sites.

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