Fig. 2: Validation of the therapeutic effect of GP on Depression.

A Overview of Mouse Depressive-Like Behavior Detection (Created by BioRender); B–E Evaluation of depressive-like behavior in mice by TST, SPT, FST, and MWM experiments; F H&E staining results of the hippocampal tissues of mice in various groups, Scale bar=250 / 25 μm for the leftmost column, and Scale bar=25 μm for the remaining two columns; G Assessment of neuron cell counts in the hippocampal tissues of mice across different groups by Nissl staining, Scale bar=250 / 25 μm; H TUNEL staining to detect neuron cell apoptosis in the hippocampal tissues of mice in different groups, Scale bar=250/ 25 μm; One-way ANOVA was used for comparisons among different groups; I Immunohistochemical analysis of GFAP and BDNF expression in hippocampal tissues, Scale bar=50μm; J Weight changes in mice from each group; K ELISA analysis of inflammatory factor content in colonic tissues of mice in each group; L Immunohistochemical evaluation of E-cadherin content in colonic tissues of mice in various groups, Scale bar=100 μm; M H&E staining results of colonic tissues of mice in different groups, Scale bar=100 μm; N–Q Assessment of depressive-like behavior in mice by TST, SPT, FST, and MWM experiments. For the comparison of two sets of data, the independent samples t-test was utilized, whereas for the comparison of data among multiple groups, ANOVA was employed. To compare data across different time points within each group, two-way ANOVA was conducted. The line between groups represents the specific p-value, with p < 0.05 indicating a statistically significant difference between groups, with 6 mice in each group.