Fig. 1: Demonstrating the difference between yawning and breathing events.

Performance of the CNN model in the classification task: training and validation loss curves show the model learning progress over epochs; the average accuracy achieved on the validation set is shown over epochs, along with the top accuracy among the three classes (A). Normalized confusion matrices for the validation (B) and test (C) sets. The boxplot (D) represents the duration of yawning (Y, light green) and breathing events (B event, light blue). Individual scores are shown as colored points. The boxes display the median value and first and third quartiles, whiskers are extended to the most extreme value inside the 1.5-fold interquartile range. A zebrafish (E) during mouth closing (MC) at the center of the image, during a breathing event (B) on the left and during a yawning event (Y) on the right. Credits for the drawings: Fosca Mastrandrea.