Fig. 3: Illustrative specific examples of population change in relation to the local climatic anomalies of the year and the population position within the species bioclimatic niche.
From: Species responses to weather anomalies depend on local adaptation and range position
Panels show residuals (dots) and model predictions of population change for the locally adapted species in (a) Brenthis ino (n = 1194; degree of local adaptation = 0.06) and (b) Satyrium esculi (n = 878; degree of local adaptation = 0.05), and for the globally adapted species in (c) Satyrium spini (n = 112; degree of local adaptation = −0.02) and (d) Ochlodes sylvanus (n = 12794; degree of local adaptation = -0.04), in response to the local annual anomaly of the climatic variable most affecting each species (temperature for (a, b and d); and, shown in inverse, precipitation for (c)). Divergent responses according to the position of the site in the species bioclimatic niche are shown at 0.1 intervals from the leading (niche position = −1) to the trailing margin (niche position = 1), displayed from leading to trailing (blue and red, respectively; white indicates centre). Dots colours also relate to the position of the site in the species bioclimatic niche.
