Fig. 4: Mining and validation of candidate genes for P5H and P8H.

A Sampling of different tissues of A. dahurica. B Phylogenetic tree of CYPs from A. dahurica for screening candidate genes responsible for FC biosynthetic pathway. The orange shaded lineages represent 25 preliminary candidate genes for P8H and P5H. The red font represents experimentally validated genes involved in furanocoumarin biosynthesis. The heatmap represents gene expression level (FPKM), with blue stars indicating P8H candidate genes and red stars indicating P5H candidate genes. C Concentration of five FCs among five tissues of A. dahurica. The error bars denote the maximum and minimum value. D LC-MS traces of reactions between psoralen and candidate genes. The left represents the production of bergaptol (the red shaded box) in the indicated combinations of psoralen (gray) and CYP71AZ18. The right represents the production of xanthotoxol (blue) in the indicated combinations of psoralen (gray) and CYP71AZ19 or CPY83F95.