Fig. 1: Workflow and experimental design. | Communications Biology

Fig. 1: Workflow and experimental design.

From: Peripheral immune cell response to stimulation stratifies Parkinson’s disease progression from prodromal to clinical stages

Fig. 1

Whole blood was collected from participants consisting of neurologically healthy controls (NHCs), patients expressing prodromal PD symptoms (REM sleep behavior disorder, hyposmia, preclinical tremor, etc.), early-stage PD patients (diagnosed <2 years prior), and moderate-stage PD patients (diagnosed 2-10 years prior). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from whole blood, cryopreserved, and thawed, and subjected to magnetic bead isolations to obtain purified CD3+ T cells or purified pan-monocytes. Cells were allowed to rest for 2 h, followed by 72 h incubation in the presence or absence of a stimulation source (monocytes: IFNγ 200 U/mL; T cells: 1.25 × 105 beads/mL of CD3/CD28 Dynabeads). Then cells were assessed via flow cytometry and media was taken for cytokine quantification. The diagram was created with BioRender.com.

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