Fig. 4: Predictive utility of stimulation-dependent cytokine secretion in healthy controls and patients with different stages of PD.

ROC curves for stimulation-dependent cytokine secretion from peripheral immune cells for healthy controls and patients with different stages of PD. Monocyte stimulation-dependent cytokine secretion was calculated by normalizing the concentration secreted after IFN-gamma treatment relative to the vehicle condition. T cell stimulation-dependent cytokine secretion was calculated by normalizing the concentration secreted after CD3/CD28 Dynabead treatment relative to the vehicle condition. A TNF secretion from monocytes for NHCs and prodromal PD subjects (AUC = 0.9636, p < 0.0001). B IL-1β secretion from monocytes for NHCs and prodromal PD subjects (AUC = 0.8704, p = 0.0004). C IL-1β secretion from T cells for NHCs and prodromal PD subjects (AUC = 0.7587, p = 0.0089). D IL-8 secretion from T cells for NHCs and prodromal PD subjects (AUC = 0.7079, p = 0.0356). E TNF secretion from T cells for NHCs and EPD subjects (AUC = 0.7904, p = 0.0008). F TNF secretion from T cells for NHCs and MPD subjects (AUC = 0.7033, p = 0.0157). G IL-2 secretion from T cells for NHCs and MPD subjects (AUC = 0.7698, p = 0.0011). H IL-10 secretion from T cells for NHCs and MPD subjects (AUC = 0.7167, p = 0.0100). NHC neurologically healthy controls, n = 21 biologically independent samples; Prodromal PD, n = 15 biologically independent samples; EPD patients with early-stage PD, n = 27 biologically independent samples; MPD patients with moderate-stage PD, n = 30 biologically independent samples. All cytokine and patient group comparisons were tested, and only statistically significant ROC curves are shown. Statistical significance for ROC curves defined by AUC > 0.7 and p < 0.05.