Fig. 6: CD8 + T cells from moderate PD patients show impaired relative mitochondrial health following immune stimulation.

Box plots depicting the mitochondrial content and mitochondrial health after CD3/CD28 bead stimulation of T cell subsets from NHCs, prodromal PD patients, EPD patients, and MPD patients. A Total mitochondrial content of CD8⁺ T lymphocytes. B Healthy mitochondrial content with negative membrane potential in CD8⁺ T lymphocytes. C Ratio of healthy mitochondrial content (MFI) divided by the total (MFI) in CD8⁺ T lymphocytes. D Total mitochondrial content of CD8^dim T lymphocytes. E Healthy mitochondrial content with negative membrane potential in CD8^dim T lymphocytes. F Ratio of healthy mitochondrial content (MFI) divided by the total (MFI) in CD8^dim T lymphocytes. G Total mitochondrial content of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. H Healthy mitochondrial content with negative membrane potential in CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. I Ratio of healthy mitochondrial content (MFI) divided by the total (MFI) in CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. Box plots show individual values, median and interquartile range (box), and minimum-maximum range (whiskers). NHC neurologically healthy controls, n = 21 biologically independent samples; PRO patients with prodromal PD, n = 15 biologically independent samples; EPD patients with early-stage PD, n = 27 biologically independent samples; MPD patients with moderate-stage PD, n = 30 biologically independent samples. Each symbol represents the measurement from a single individual. The results in (A–I) were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s corrections for multiple comparisons. Only within treatment comparisons are shown. MTG MitoTracker Green FM, MTR MitoTracker Red CMXRos, MFI median fluorescence intensity.