Fig. 5: PpNHX1 contributes to the differences in citrate accumulation between Clr1 and Clr6 accessions.

a A significantly associated LD block of the GWAS locus for citrate content. The shared IBD regions of Clr1 and Clr6 accessions are marked in blue and orange, respectively. Genome-wide (top) and regional (middle) Manhattan plots display GWAS results for citrate content measured in 2016. The horizontal line represents the Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold. The heatmap of the block (Chr8: 17,154,192-17,230,631 bp), extending 200 kb on each side, is shown with red triangles. b Gene structure and the haplotypes of PpNHX1. The frequency of each haplotype was calculated based on the 489 peach accessions. c Citrate contents in peach mesocarp tissues transiently overexpressing (TOE) PpNHX1 was significantly higher compared to tissues transiently transformed with the empty vector control (CK). FW, fresh weight. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Significance was tested with two-sided Student’s t-tests. d Box plot showing the distribution of citrate contents for each haplotype. Multiple comparisons were conducted using the least significant difference test. In the box plots, the central line: median values; bounds of the box: 25th and 75th percentiles; whiskers: 1.5 x IQR (the interquartile range between the 25th and 75th percentiles). e The frequency distribution of PpNHX1 haplotypes (Hap1–5) across six kinship clusters (Clr1–6). The different colors in each pie chart represent the percentage of different haplotypes.