Fig. 8: Regulation of spermatozoon storage in SVs by neuropeptide signaling pathways.

a, b Effects of AT and sNPF knockdown (a), or ATR and sNPFR knockdown (b) on the number of spermatozoa in SVs of virgin and successively mated males. Left, fluorescent pictures of spermatozoa in seminal vesicles stained by DAPI. Right, quantification of spermatozoon counts. c, d Effects of AT and sNPF knockdown (c), or ATR and sNPFR knockdown (d) on the number of spermatozoa in spermatophores of virgin and successively mated males. Virgin; males with sexual maturity but without mating experience. Mated; males that have experienced successively multiple matings for 24 h. Values are shown as mean ± SEM, n = 5–16, Sidak’s test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. ns not significant, SV seminal vesicle, SP spermatophore.