Fig. 1: Habenular astrocytes temporally regulate active–to–passive behavioral state transitions in mice.

a Top: schematic of experimental design. Bottom: sample trace of motion index during active–to–passive behavioral state, light–red squares show active coping (AC) throughout the task. Passive coping (PC). b Left: Time binned population-average AC duration throughout the task (n = 6 mice; bin=1 min), ANOVA F_{5, 25} = 1.41 p = 0.29. Right: same as left but for AC bout counts, ANOVA F_{5, 25} = 2.06 p = 0.19. c Left, Histogram reflecting the duration of all counted AC bouts (n = 6 mice). Right, same as left but for PC bouts. d Top: schematic of experimental strategy. Bottom: representative image of rAAV9-hGFAP-Cre-mCherry bilateral LHb expression in IP3R^KO mice; scale bar, 200 μm. e Sample trace of AC to PC transitions in a IP3R^fl/fl mouse virally injected with a control rAAV5-gfaABC1D-mCherry (IP3R^WT, top), or a rAAV9-hGFAP-Cre-mCherry virus (IP3R^KO, bottom). Light–red squares indicate AC. f Histogram of all counted AC bouts duration (left) and PC bouts duration (right) in IP3R^WT (top, orange) and IP3R^KO (bottom, blue) (n = 7 mice/group). g Total AC duration (top) and bouts number (bottom). Data are presented as box plot, error bars indicate min to max, median and scatter in orange for IP3R^WT and blue for IP3R^KO mice. Two-sided unpaired t-test, t₁₂ = 3.279 **p = 0.007 for total AC duration and t₁₂ = 3.962 **p = 0.002 for number of AC bouts.