Fig. 4: Differential analysis of cell communication of immune environment between IMN and healthy kidney.

A t-SNE plot showing the relative expression level of ENTPD1 (the coding gene for CD39) in Tregs within the microenvironment of IMN and healthy kidneys. Case, IMN; Control, healthy kidney. B Circle plot showing the differential number of cell-cell interactions among various cell types in the microenvironment between IMN and healthy kidney. The color red indicates the increased interactions, while the color blue represents the decreased interactions. C Barplot compares the total number of inferred cell-cell interactions within the microenvironment of IMN and healthy kidney. Case, IMN; Control, healthy kidney. D Heatmap visualizes the differential number of ligand-receptor interactions among different cell populations between IMN and healthy kidneys. The rows represent the signaling senders’ interactions, and the columns represent the signaling receivers’ interactions. E Bubble plot showing the differential dysfunctional signaling of regulatory T cells with other immune populations in microenvironment of IMN and healthy kidney by comparing the communication probabilities. Case, IMN; Control, healthy kidney. F Violin plots showing the expression level of SPP1-related signaling genes among various cell types in the microenvironment between IMN and healthy kidney. G Wordcloud plot visualizes the differentially enriched signal in IMN compared to the healthy kidney. IMN idiopathic membranous nephropathy, PT proximal tubule cells, LOH loop of Henle cells, IC intercalated cells, PC principal cells, Mes mesangial cells, Pod podocytes, DT distal tubule cells, PEC parietal epithelial cells, Mac macrophages, Mono monocytes, EC endothelial cells, Treg regulatory T cell.