Fig. 4: Combined therapy demonstrates superior therapeutic efficacy in ovarian regeneration and functional restoration in aging mice.

A Comparison of ovarian size among three groups of aging ovaries in vehicle-treated- (as control)-, h-hADSCs-treated (h-hADSCs)-, and h-hADSCs/HEP14-treated (h-hADSCs/HEP14) aging mice at 4 weeks post-treatment. B Morphological changes in three groups of aging ovaries in mice with ARNA-OI at 4 weeks post-treatment, assessed by H&E staining. C Comparison of total follicle count and follicle numbers at various developmental stages among the three groups of aging ovaries. D IHC staining of ovarian sections demonstrating the expression of FSHR, ERβ, and AMH in the three groups. E IF staining of ovarian sections with PCNA and TUNEL, and quantification of fluorescence intensity for PCNA and TUNEL in the three groups (arrows indicate proliferating granulosa cells and follicles). F Comparison of serum E2, AMH, FSH, levels among the four groups of young-, aging-, h-hADSCs-treated (h-hADSCs)-, and h-hADSCs/HEP14-treated (h-hADSCs/HEP14) aging mice. G Comparison of serum INH-A and INH-B levels among the three groups of aging-, h-hADSCs-treated aging (h-hADSCs)-, and h-hADSCs/HEP14-treated (h-hADSCs/HEP14) aging mice. H Evaluation of estrous cycles in the three groups. Data are presented as means ± SEM. Sample sizes: n = 6 for (A to C); n = 3 for (D to G) and n = 5 for (G). P values were calculated by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. Changes were considered statistically significant when P < 0.05. Scale bar = 100 μm.