Fig. 1: Mice treatment scheme for acute, subacute and subchronic Pd-NP exposure.
From: Biodistribution of nanoplastics in mice: advancing analytical techniques using metal-doped plastics
Timeline for gavage and sampling (Created in BioRender. Pichler, V. (2025)). In the acute exposure experiment, 10 mice received a single gavage of Pd-NPs (3.3817 mg NPs; 9.976 µg Pd) and were processed at 5 time points post-gavage: 10, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min while urine and stool were also sampled at distinct intervals up to 240 min. The subacute exposure experiment was conducted in a healthy as well as a colitis-induced model (4 treatment groups, n = 3) with gavage for 10 days (0.99 mg NPs; 2.91 µg Pd daily dose). Stool was collected over 24 h at 4 time points and all mice were sacrificed 24 h after the last gavage. For the subchronic exposure experiment, three healthy and three APCmin+ mice were gavaged for 5 weeks (0.48 mg NPs; 1.41 µg Pd daily dose) and feces and urine were collected for 24 h after the last gavage dose.
