Fig. 2: Temporal changes in the richness and composition of abundant, intermediate, and rare subcommunities.

a–c Relationships between restoration duration and the richness of abundant, intermediate, and rare taxa. The black fitted lines are from linear and nonlinear regression. The solid and dotted lines represent statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) and nonsignificant (P > 0.05) relationships, respectively. d–f NMDS ordination of abundant, intermediate, and rare subcommunities based on Bray–Curtis distance. ANOSIM was performed to test the differences in abundant, intermediate, and rare subcommunities among restoration durations.