Fig. 3: Results of latency analysis across all participants.

A Normalized responses for all participants in the ROIs. The left panel shows responses in the gamma band (30–70 Hz), while the right panel shows responses in the high-gamma band (70–140 Hz). For each panel, the left column presents raster plots of averaged responses across contacts within a given ROI, with trials sorted by reaction time (error bars denote ± SEM). The right column highlights the averaged response of a representative contact across trials. Vertical red bars indicate the onset latency of responses in each ROI. Vertical violet dashed lines mark the onset of the visual word stimulus, and vertical blue dashed lines indicate the average reaction time. B Comparison of onset latency between ROIs. The onset latency of pSTG is significantly longer than that of IFG, in both Gamma (**p < 0.01, two-tailed t-test) and High-Gamma (***p < 0.001, two-tailed t-test) bands. The horizontal blue dashed lines indicate the average reaction time.