Fig. 4
Work function analysis and IDL model-based catalytic reaction. a Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy plots of GF, NF, and GNF. b Work functions of GF, NF, and GNF calculated from (a). c Single dipole and IDL model. d IDL catalytic mechanism of GNF on the reduction of Mx+ and simultaneous generation of Ni(OH)2. Blue circles in (a) show the places where Fermi edge and cutoff edge are obtained, and Ф is energy width of UPS spectrum. ∆U is electrostatic potential difference between the dipole layers
