Fig. 4

XPS Ru 3p spectra and performance of Ru particles on different supports (a Ru@Ni-NCNT/AC; b Ru@AC; c Ru@TiO2; d the relationship between reaction rate constant k and binding energy of reduced Ru on different support).
XPS Ru 3p spectra and performance of Ru particles on different supports (a Ru@Ni-NCNT/AC; b Ru@AC; c Ru@TiO2; d the relationship between reaction rate constant k and binding energy of reduced Ru on different support).