Fig. 2: Oxalate self-assembly into nanofibrils recognized by antibodies purified from hyperoxaluria patients’ sera.
From: Induction of retinopathy by fibrillar oxalate assemblies
a Chemical formula of oxalate, carbon in green, oxygen in red. b, c Supersaturated calcium oxalate solution in PBS was heated to 90 °C prior to a differential series of centrifugation and fraction separation steps. This resulted in two distinct populations of assemblies (see "methods" section) visualized by TEM and verified by EDS analysis (the gray lines indicate the selected area examined). The red circle in the calcium oxalate crystals spectra marks the calcium peak. b Oxalate fibrils (scale bar: 0.2 µm). c Calcium oxalate crystals (scale bar: 1 µm). d–g Antibodies were purified from hyperoxaluria patients and healthy control sera. e Dot blot assay using preformed oxalate nanofibrils as antigens and antibodies purified from sera obtained from five patients as the primary antibodies. f Dot blot assay using preformed oxalate nanofibrils as antigens and antibodies purified from sera obtained from five healthy controls as the primary antibodies. g A positive control for antibody titer and purification, demonstrating the response of the antibodies purified from the control sera towards the ubiquitous tetanus antigen.
