Fig. 5: The schematic representation of ring-closure methods for RMs.
From: Design, synthesis and applications of responsive macrocycles
the RMs are synthesized by a covalent ring-closure strategy mainly including dehydration, electrophilic substitution, etherification and Suzuki coupling reaction in organic phase, b dynamic covalent ring-closure strategy mainly including disulfide and hydrazine exchange and c noncovalent ring-closure strategy mainly including hydrogen binding, π–π stacking and metal-ligand interactions. The synthetic route of d macrocycle 16 using the covalent ring-closure strategy39,49, e macrocycle 17 using the dynamic covalent ring-closure strategy55 and f macrocycle 18 using the noncovalent ring-closure strategy61.
