Fig. 3: The different species of EADS comparison of the Chl-A solution and film.

a Singlet species of the pristine Chl-A solution and the ones purged with N2 gas and blended with HQ. b EADS of the triplet species of the Chl-A solution (the pristine Chl-A and the one purged with N2 gas) and Chl-A film (the neat and β-carotene-blended ones). c EADS of radical species of the Chl-A solution (the pristine Chl-A and the one blended with HQ) and carrier species of the Chl-A film (the neat and HQ-blended ones). (The gray broken-dotted line of each figure is the inverted steady-state absorption spectrum of those represented by colored lines.).